Essay on The Second Industrial Revolution - 1444 Words

By the time of the Civil War, the technologies upon which the First Industrial Revolution was based were established in the United States. In the years following the war, the nations industrial energies were focused on completing the railroad and telegraph networks of the North, rebuilding those of the South, and expanding those of the West. Once the devastating depression of the 1870’s depleted, the stage was set for the Second Industrial Revolution. New inventions came about to ease the production of goods that were being supplied. The creation of factories emerged by retailers who were struggling to meet the requirements of the masses surrounding them. The formation of power driven machinery was initiated in order to compete with†¦show more content†¦In the late 19’th century, many new immigrants came to America with hopes to escape religious and political persecution, to find better employment opportunities, for more freedoms, and a chance to start over again. The immigrant work force grew fast as the demand for factory labor grew. These immigrants were important to industrialization in the United States. They were willing to work in unsanitary work conditions for little pay. Because of this, American industries were able to hire more of these types of workers. Although they were unskilled, the type of jobs they were required to do were jobs that didn’t demand much knowledge. Workers during the Industrial Revolution had hoped for benefits, such as health, cleaner working conditions, better pay, and less working hours. Industrial workers often felt overworked because of the long, stressful hours placed upon them by their employers. Labor unions began to emerge as a result of the long hours and awful working conditions. These workers were locked up all day in factories that were eight stories high. They were given absolutely no relaxation until the heavy engine stopped. After leaving work, they would go home to get refreshed for the next day. This left these industrial workers with no time for association with their families. Before the time of industrialization, the United States was an agrarian society. Most of the people were Protestant, English-speaking, Anglo-Saxons from Northern andShow MoreRelatedSecond Industrial Revolution1000 Words   |  4 PagesSecond US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 Darris Adkins Abstract In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected the United States and two developments that negatively affected the United States will be discussed. An analysis of whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to the lives of Americans and the history of the United States will be outlined. Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 In this briefRead MoreThe Second Industrial Revolution605 Words   |  2 PagesMODULE 4 ASSIGNMENTS 1. 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San Diego Mormon Temple and the Chartres Cathedral in France

San Diego Mormon Temple and the Chartres Cathedral in France The San Diego Mormon Temple bases its architecture on gothic roots; where the epitome of early gothic architecture is the Chartres Cathedral in France. The Mormon Temple is made of white aggregate stone and stucco, very angular and massive, built as a Gothic revival temple. Designed by William Lewis, Jr., the architect took into consideration Mormon temples in Salt Lake City and Washington, D.C. Hugely bulky at the base, the Mormon Temple rises from an enormous mound of earth, that conceals the lower floor. Built for the Mormons residing in Southern California, this temples marks the forty-fifth Mormon temple in the world. However,†¦show more content†¦The medieval cathedral was physically integrated into the town. Houses crowded up to its very walls and lean-tos were built right against them. In the city, the tower cathedral, was the medieval forerunner of the skyscraper, but unlike its modern counterpart, it subsumed a number of functions. At one moment or another, therefo re the medieval church could serve civic, communal, and commercial purposes (Branner, Robert, ed., Chartres Cathedral, W.W. Norton, New York, 1969, p. 69). However it was first and foremost a religious building. Although in modern times it served primary as a place of worship. The San Diego Temple is not an exact copy of the Chartres Cathedral by any means. However, there are some definite borrowed characteristics that can be found in Mormon Temple, originally appearing in the Chartres Cathedral. The similarity in architectural features is another common theme in both churches. Both structures have large bases that support the massive upper portion of the cathedrals. Both structures have two spires, that reach high into the sky. The San Diego Temple and Chartres Cathedral use an abundance of glass. Both structures are used for religious purposes. Although there are a few aesthetic similarities, the differences outweigh them. While the basic features, of the gothic cathedral are common to both, an abundance of glass,

Proposal Balance in Shoulder of Throwers and Non-Throwers

Question: Discuss about theProposalfor Balance in Shoulder of Throwers and Non-Throwers. Answer: Introduction Bones are important for the human body not only to provide the body a structure, but it also anchor muscles and store calcium. Lawrence et al. (2014) states that among all the bines, shoulder bones are very crucial and its ball-and-socket joint allow human to lift things with ease. There are three major bones in human shoulder such as the clavicle, scapula and humerus. Apart from these bones, the shoulder also comprises of its associated muscles like tendons and ligaments. The shoulder joints is formulated with the articulations between the shoulder bones. The joint of the shoulder is known as glenohumeral joint however can included as acromioclavicular joint and is considere to be the major joint of the shoulder. Moreover, Lawrence et al. (2014) also portrays that humerus of the shoulder is attached with the head sitting and the scapula in the glenoid cavity. As mentioned earlier, the shoulder joint is a socket and ball joint that help a human to rotate their arms and allow them to hinge their shoulder out and up away from the body. On the other hand, the capsule can be considered as soft tissue, which envelope the entricles of the glenohumeral joint and it is attached with the humerus, major part of the biceps and scapula. Even it lined of a smooth and thin synovial membrane. Timmons et al. (2013) moreover mentioned that the stability of the shoulder is provided from the four major group of the must that together forms the Rotator cuff. These combination of four muscles that are subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor and infraspinatus surround the shoulder joint. The rotator cuff usually adheres to glenohumeral capsule and the humeral head is closely attached with the capsule. The human shoulder should be flexible enough in order to perform vast range of activities in proper manner. The flexibility of the human shoulder helps an individual to pull, push and lift. It is important to prevent the injury of the shoulder; otherwise it can lead to immense critical situation. If the muscle is balanced, then it help s an individual to provide a perfect performance in the daily activities. From various incidents, it has been shown that muscle imbalance is majorly responsible for shoulder injury. Rokito et al. (1998) furthermore depicts the origin of various shoulder injuries is the plyometric exercise; there should be proper awareness and guidelines for the athletes during shoulder exercise. The athletes should have adopted appropriate techniques in order to prevent any kind of shoulder injury. Throwing ability is the significant skill for the success in handball and it includes the lower and upper muscle for enhancing the efficiency of the arm (Wang, Macfarlane and Cochrane. 2000). The athletes endure several repetitive stresses of micro traumatic on shoulder because of high-level psychological demand on the surrounded tissues. It can be seen that most of the shoulder injury cases happen only because of muscle fatigue, muscle weakness, inappropriate throwing exercising equipments, excessive and imbalance capsule laxity (Jobe, 1998). However, there are also instances of the shoulder injuries because of glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscle and gleno-humeral capsule. During the acceleration phase, the internal rotator muscles perform concentrically. On the other hand, Wang and Cochrane (2001) mention that during the entire deceleration phase, the external rotator muscles perform eccentrically. The responsibility of this particular muscle is to maintain the dynamic stabilisation of glenohumeral joint. The assessment of the functional strength of these muscles can be compared with the internal rotator muscles, which play an important role for the injury rehabilitation and prevention. Lawrence et al. (2014) also mention that the glenohumeral joint is unstable in an inherent manner and it is solely based on the bony configurations, however, at the same situation, this joint comes with most freedom as it helps to perform various functions. The musculo-tendinous unit and the ligaments maintain the fundamental stability of the glenohumeral joint in proper manner (Codine, Bernard, Pocholle, Benaim, Brun, 1997). The repetitive over arm activities and motions in the sports like handball activities needs to be synchronised and coordinated action of the shoulder muscle. In the sports, there are requirement of proper strength balance of antagonist muscle, which is fundamental. Drouin et al. (2004) highlight that the role and responsibilities of the rotator cuff muscles are functional and critical as it helps the human shoulder to stabilise. A close observation in the internal and external rotation process of the shoulder suggests enough strength, which is significant for the rehabilitation for the ultimate prevention of the shoulder injury. The shoulder injury of an active person or an athlete should be treated with well designed and non-operation program of rehabilitation (Wang et al. 2000). It is noteworthy to mention here that the rehabilitation programs consist of the flexibility exercise, strengthening exercise and then returning to the usual throwing exercise. On the other hand, only the physical therapist or the clinicians can do the testing of the actual strength of the isokinetic myscle in order to monitor the possible external and internal contralateral rotator balance and deficiencies ratio in between the strength of internal rotator and external rotator shoulder muscle (Wilk, et al. 2002). The anatomy, structure and function of the shoulder must have to be understood by the throwing athletes and their conditioning coaches so that they can enhance their performance and the injuries relating with the shoulder can be avoided properly. Thus, the prime objective of this study is to compare the rotator muscle balance in shoulder of throwers athletes and the people who never perform such activities like throwing. Methodology In order to collect information, there will be 14 participants, who will participate in the research. Among them, there are 7 students, who does not participate in the sport including overhead throwing and 7 members from the non-professional handball team. There was a relative information paper, which was provided to the participants. I have provided 24 hours time to the participants in order to understand what should be done on the provided paper. I have also signed a consent form from them for taking their permission whether they desire to participate in the research. Moreover, a protocol is also provided to them so that they can understand the entire research requirement and the aim for which I am conducting the research. I also asked them if they have any query regarding their participation in the study and complete the provided paper. The handball team, who participated in the research, have 1 goalkeeper, 2 backs, 1 pivot, 2 wingers and 1 centre. The major approach that I have t aken in selecting the respondent was to select participants, who are asymptomatic and free from pain. Testing Procedures All the participants were asked to warm up for 5 minutes at a comfortable workload by using arm-cyucle-ergometer and after that, the participants will be placed in Primus BTE for evaluating the eccentric and concentric strength measurement for the dominant upper limb. The subjects will be assumed the position of supine and there will be placement of standard stabilisation strapping across the hips and chest of the subjects. The shoulder of the participants abducted to 90 and even the elbow flexed to 90, which is the position of the upper extremity according to the manufacturer specification. The actual strength of the external and internal rotators can be tested with 120 range of the motion. The subjects of this study will perform 3 submaximal trials for familiarising themselves with ranges of motion and accommodating the resistance of dynamometer. The subjects will be tested after that with maximum of the 5 repetitions of carrying out angular speeds of 300/s and 60/s for performing the concentric action and 300/s for completing the eccentric action. The high reliability for isokinetic testing depends on these numbers of repetitions. All the sets of all the subjects are provided a 60-s rest period to prevent fatigue build-up. During the conduction of the research, consistent verbal commands will also be provided. The help of an expert, who is trained for isokinetic testing devices and experienced is considered for testing and evaluating the tests. Literature Review The shoulder is generally used in various sports; therefore, there are possibilities of more injury in the shoulder muscles and particularly overuse injuries. The competitive sports like baseball, volleyball, javelin throwing, swimming and tennis need repeated and forceful arm activities that produce a very high incidents of the shoulder injuries (Stratford and Balsor 1994). The ballistic actions in all of these mentioned sports involve large amounts of the eccentric pressures on the rotator cuff muscles and there are chances of shoulder injury. The rotator cuff tendinitis, impingement and instability are the significant overuse injuries of the shoulder (Wang and Cochrane 2001). The repetitive and constant practices of same movement can be determined as a major mechanism of the overuse injuries of the shoulder. Even the consequences can lead to the imbalance in between the antagonist and agonist muscles. During the excessive eccentric pressure, muscle imbalance contributes to the sho ulder injury (Zanca, Oliveira, Saccol, Mattiello-Rosa. 2011). In order to analyse the muscle performance and strengths for the injured and healthy athletes, the isokinetic dynamometer can be used. Drouin, Valovich-mcLeod, Shultz, Gansneder and Perrin. (2004) have mentioned that the isokinetic dynamometer provides relevant measurement of the torque, velocity and the position on the repeated trials, which has been proved to be valid enough for the research and clinical purposes. In certain case, the isokinetic dynamometer is interlinked with the shoulder injuries. Reference List Drouin, J.M., Valovich-mcLeod, T.C., Shultz, S.J., Gansneder, B.M. and Perrin, D.H., 2004. Reliability and validity of the Biodex system 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer velocity, torque and position measurements.European journal of applied physiology,91(1), pp.22-29. Lawrence, R.L., Braman, J.P., Laprade, R.F. and Ludewig, P.M., 2014. Comparison of 3-dimensional shoulder complex kinematics in individuals with and without shoulder pain, part 1: sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and scapulothoracic joints.journal of orthopaedic sports physical therapy,44(9), pp.636-A8. Rokito, A.S., Jobe, F.W., Pink, M.M., Perry, J. and Brault, J., 1998. Electromyographic analysis of shoulder function during the volleyball serve and spike.Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,7(3), pp.256-263. Stratford, P.W. and Balsor, B.E., 1994. A comparison of make and break tests using a hand-held dynamometer and the Kin-Com.Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy,19(1), pp.28-32. Timmons, M.K., Lopes-Albers, A.D., Borgsmiller, L., Zirker, C., Ericksen, J. and Michener, L.A., 2013. Differences in scapular orientation, subacromial space and shoulder pain between the full can and empty can tests.Clinical Biomechanics,28(4), pp.395-401. Wang, H.K. and Cochrane, T., 2001. Mobility impairment, muscle imbalance, muscle weakness, scapular asymmetry and shoulder injury in elite volleyball athletes.Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,41(3), p.403. Wang, H.K., Macfarlane, A. and Cochrane, T., 2000. Isokinetic performance and shoulder mobility in elite volleyball athletes from the United Kingdom.British Journal of Sports Medicine,34(1), pp.39-43. Zanca, G.G., Oliveira, A.B., Saccol, M.F., Ejnisman, B. and Mattiello-Rosa, S.M., 2011. Functional torque ratios and torque curve analysis of shoulder rotations in overhead athletes with and without impingement symptoms.Journal of sports sciences,29(15), pp.1603-1611.

Bias of Roots and Culture free essay sample

Discussing roots and culture is often a very subjective topic. Quite often, the same story is interpreted entirely differently, depending on who is telling the story. This principle is also true in fictional works. A narrator will bring his/her own perspective and biases into the events that he or she is telling about. In Raymond Carver’s Cathedral, the first-person narrator has several biases that are used to reveal character. This first-person narrator has both positive and negative biases, and insights that clearly represent his character. The narrator in Cathedral has biases that serve to create his character well. Some of these are positive, and some are negative. The first clear bias that is made clear is a positive one. In the introduction of the story, as the narrator is giving background information on his wife, he speaks of her first husband. The manner in which he speaks of her impresses upon the reader of how little this first marriage matters to him, and thus shows that he acknowledges his wife has a past, and that he loves her just the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Bias of Roots and Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carver shows the narrators’ indifference to this first husband when â€Å"why should he have a name? † (Responding to Literature, 439) is asked. Another one of the biases the narrator has does not serve to create such a positive picture of him. This negative bias is the narrators’ bias against the blind in the beginning of the story. He speaks of them as very somber, as his idea of blind people was that all the â€Å"blind moved slowly and never laughed. † (438) These insights into the mind of the first-person narrator help to establish him as a character. The use of first-person narration in Raymond Carvers Cathedral serves to establish the narrator as a legitimate character well. The reader is given direct insight into the thoughts of the narrator, which would not be possible from other perspectives. For example, the reader is given a direct path into the narrators’ thoughts of the blind mans’ wife, Beulah. Without the words actually being spoken, the reader knows that the narrator feels sorry for her, without having ever met the blind man. He believes that Beulah must have had a â€Å"pitiful life† since she could â€Å"never see herself as he was seen in the eyes of her loved one†(440). Wordless insights into thoughts, such as this, are the true point of having a first-person narrator; because not only is the reader given a picture of the narrators’ thoughts, it serves to create a more dynamic, lifelike character, and not merely a lifeless voice that is tediously moving through words. First-person narration is always all about perspective, and consequently, bias. All first-person narration in fiction is chosen specifically for the purpose of having that bias, and those individual ideas that make for an interesting telling of a story. Raymond Carver’s Cathedral uses the first person narration very well, for that exact purpose. This story’s biases and partialities are used to separate the reader, and only see the narrators’ version of what happened. Had the story been told from the perspective of the blind man, it would have been immensely different. Biases come from ones’ culture and environment. Ideally, stories and retellings of events would be completely honest; but prejudices and tensions gradually become the general theme of the story, to the point that roots, culture, and acceptance thereof become irrelevant, and nothing remains but intolerance.

Mcdonalds Case Analysis free essay sample

McDonald’s Case Study Discussion Questions: How are customer tastes changing in the fast food industry? What impact do these changes have on McDonald’s? Customer tastes in the fast food industry are changing younger customers are more aware of the foods they are ingesting. While many fast food chains have healthy substitutes to burgers, fries etc. the stigma these chains face is that all the foods they sell are greasy and unhealthy. The baby boomer generation is has also turned its attention to healthier sources of nutrition.This generation is older and continues to see increasing medical expenses and as a way to get or stay healthy are choosing foods that might be a little more expensive but offer less health risks from over consumption. Customers are also eating out less then before due to our nations recent recession. Customers are also choosing to eat at restaurants that have nicer dinning areas they might cost more then place like McDonalds but deliver food about as fast. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These changes in society, and consumer tastes, and preferences have impacted the way McDonald’s has had to adjust marketing, restaurant designs, efficiency in processes.This has impacted McDonald’s sales as well causing stagnant year over year sales. How well are these changes in customer tastes and preferences being reflected in competitive strategies in the industry? These changes in customer tastes can be seen in the design of restaurants, pricing and marketing. We see companies in the industry advertising healthy options for customers. McDonalds recently started offering oatmeal, and introduced the McCafe a location that offers gourmet beverages, foods, and serves on dining ware like china and stainless steel flatware.Many fast food companies have added healthy choices for customers like new salads, and additional breakfast choices. Wendy’s added some new salads, chicken sandwiches that have helped them to increase same store sales gains. Burger king has made pricing strategy changes buy implementing a permanent line of value priced offerings to help improve sales. Companies in this industry are aware customers tastes have changed and want things other then cheap burgers and fries. The nations largest fast food outlets have made necessary adjustments in order to recapture and improve market share.What are McDonald’s strengths and weaknesses and what conclusions do you draw about its future? McDonalds strengths stem from its brand name, locations, industry leader, and flexibility. McDonalds is a company that has a brand name that is internationally recognized. This large company has numerous locations across the US and internationally. Mc Donald’s is an industry leader and can make changes that affect the actions of its competitors. Because McDonalds is such a large organization they can be flexible enough to demo new products, services, and even restaurant designs.McDonald’s weakness can also be from the brand name they are known for there burgers, and fries. With the changing of customer tastes for healthier foods and nutrition they have a stigma for selling cheap food that lack nutrition and contribute to obesity in the United States. I think that McDonald’s is going to figure things out they already have made huge strides to change their image and offer new healthier choices for its customers. Should McDonald’s develop a separate strategy for the heavy user segment of the fast food industry?I do think that they should develop a separate strategy for the heavy user for the fast food industry. This large user segment can improve sales faster then those that do not regularly choose McD onalds. According to the case study these heavy users account for 20 percent of customers and account for 60 percent of visits. These users also visit about 20 times per month and spend up to $40 per day. With figures like these it is a must that McDonalds cater to the needs and wants of these heavy users. What should Jack Greenberg do to grow sales, profits, and market share at McDonald’s?Well Jack Greenberg in my opinion has made huge strides in growing sales, profits, and market share by recognizing that customer tastes have changed and taken necessary steps like changing marketing towards healthier offers, new restaurant designs, and improving current processes. I think that McDonalds leaders must continue to review the wants and needs of the many different customers they feed. Besides just recognizing these needs and want they must also continue to use the companies strengths and limit weakness.

Convicting Raskolnikov Dostoevskys Views On Criminal Justice Essays

Convicting Raskolnikov Dostoevskys Views On Criminal Justice Essays Convicting Raskolnikov Dostoevsky's views on Criminal Justice At the close of Crime and Punishment, Raskolinkov is convicted of Murder and sentenced to seven years in Siberian prison. Yet even before the character was conceived, Fyodor Dostoevsky had already convicted Raskolinkov in his mind (Frank, Dostoevsky 101). Crime and Punishment is the final chapter in Dostoevsky's journey toward understanding the forces that drive man to sin, suffering, and grace. Using ideas developed in Notes from Underground and episodes of his life recorded in Memoirs of the House of the Dead, Dostoevsky puts forth in Crime in Punishment a stern defense of natural law and an irrefutable volume of evidence condemning Raskolnikov's actions (Bloom, Notes 25). Central to the prosecution of any crime, murder in particular, is the idea of motive. Not only must the prosecutor prove the actus rectus or "guilty act," but also that the criminal possessed the mens rea or "guilty mind" (Schmalleger 77). The pages of Crime and Punishment and the philosophies of Dostoevsky provide ample proof of both. The first is easy; Dostoevsky forces the reader to watch firsthand as Raskolnikov "took the axe all the way out, swung it with both hands, scarcely aware of himself, and almost without effort, almost mechanically, brought the butt-end down on her head" (Crime and Punishment 76). There is no doubt Raskolnikov caused the death of Alena Ivanovna and, later, Lizaveta, but whether he possessed the mens rea is another matter entirely. By emphasizing the depersonalization Raskolnikov experiences during the murder, the fact that he was "scarcely aware of himself" and acted "almost mechanically" the sympathetic reader might conclude that some unknown fo! rce of nature, and not the person Raskolnikov, is to blame for the death of the usurer and her sister (Nutall 160). Dostoevsky's answer to this is contained not in Crime and Punishment, but rather in an earlier work, Notes from Underground. The entire story of the Underground Man was intended to parody the works of Nicolai G. Chernyshevsky, and thereby prove that man's actions are the result of his own free-will. The idea that man is alone responsible for his actions is central to proving that Raskolnikov is really to blame for his crime. For under the Chernyshevsky-embraced doctrine of scientific determinism, Raskolnikov cannot be held accountable for his actions. Rather, scientific determinism holds that whatever actions men take are inevitable and unalterable because they are "totally determined by the laws of nature." The Underground man was created by Dostoevsky as a man who accepts without question scientific determinismhe is a projection of Chernyshevsky's theories at their most extreme. The result is not the utopian vision of Chernyshevsky, but rather an antisocial animal that is barely recognizable as human (Frank "Nihilism" 37). The reason, according to Dostoevsky, for the problems of the Underground Man, is that he is incapable of any moral action because he lives in a world devoid of blame. At one point, the Underground man imagines forgiving someone for having slapped him in the face; but he cannot. Although the human side of the Underground man realizes that it is moral to forgive, determinism convinces him that "the man who would have slapped my face would most probably have done it in obedience to the laws of nature" (Notes from Underground 45). And so he cannot blame the other for slapping him because nature is really to blame (Frank "Nihilism" 50). But, as the Underground Man points out "even if it is the law of nature, it hurts all the same." According to Dostoevsky, blame is central to humanity. We must accept the responsibility and the consequences of our actions, since we alone determine what they are (Frank "Nihilism" 56). So, Raskolnikov cannot blame fate for his misfortune. But what can! he blame? Why, then did Raskolnikov, a "handsome young man," well educated, devoted to his family, choose to kill a defenseless old woman? Like the main character of Notes from Underground, Raskolinkov finds himself torn between reason and objective morality (Jackson 150). In an essay written six months prior to the start of the novel entitled "On Crime" Raskolnikov lays down the foundation of his rational justification for murder. "On Crime" describes a world split into two groups of

HMV Group Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HMV Group - Case Study Example This report highlights the various strategic options available to the HMV Group as well as an analysis of the potential effectiveness of these new strategies based on the current strategic position of the organisation. an isolated incident which did not stem from higher consumer patronage and online sales, but from the sale of HMV Japan (Bryant, 2008). It appears that HMV Group was experiencing minimal sales volumes in the Japanese division of the company, thus the sale of this particular business unit was performed in order to increase total company liquidity and make the company's stock appear more viable for long-term investment. The implementation of the Japanese HMV division did not bring adequate sales results to the company, thus this was an initial failure at diversifying the company's total business portfolio. Additionally, and much to the surprise of the HMV Group leadership, the company experienced its best Christmas sales in December 2008, largely due to video game sales in the HMV division (Financial Times, 2008). This seems to have taken the company on a new strategic direction by January 2009, with a much higher focus on video game sales and less focus on music sales and downloads. The 3.0 Strategic options for HMV Group The company is currently facing a considerable amount of competition stemming from the rise of online retailers, the digital download environment competitors and also supermarkets which appear to be attempting to cash in on music and other digital media sales (Bryant). There is no research evidence which suggests why consumers are moving toward supermarkets and online retailers for their music and digital media selections, however since these competitors are eroding the firm's total profitability, the company needs to select several new strategies in order to build competitive advantage and emerge, again, as the leader in this type of digital format sales. Pricing Strategy: From a sales and marketing perspective, the company would benefit from taking both a price-based strategy and a differentiation strategy in order to build the type of sales growth expected by the company. In today's difficult economic environment, it is relatively common knowledge that many consumers have cut back on their spending habits due to fear of the short-term effect on personal consumer income. The company should adopt a low price strategy and a

The Rise and Fall of LTCM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rise and Fall of LTCM - Essay Example On the other hand, there are differences between hedge and mutual funds, whereby the hedge funds are managed more aggressively compared to the mutual funds, hence making it possible to take speculative positions in derivative securities like decisions to short sell stock. Moreover, this increases leverage and risk of the funds hence are making it possible for the funds to gain profits when the market is declining. On the other hand, mutual funds are not allowed to be involved in highly leveraged positions; hence, they are considered safer than the hedge funds. Main sources of LTCM initial success The main sources of success for LTCM were associated with a complex mathematical model that the company had established in order to benefit from fixed income arbitrage deals within the bonds of U.S.A, Japanese and European governments (Dunbar, 5). They applied the fundamental idea of the changes in the values of the long dated bonds issued a short time apart, which becomes similar. Neverthel ess, the bonds were approached at a different rate, and they were more traded bonds like the US Treasury bonds, whereby the long-term prices are approached more effectively, though they are less heavily traded and liquid. The other main of success factor was the financial transactions, which related to purchasing cheaper bonds, short selling them more expensive and liquid, hence generating profit from the difference in the value of the bonds. In fact, their capital grew, and they were willing to invest the capital somewhere; hence, they run out of outstanding bond-arbitrage bets leading to LTCM to apply strategies that were beyond their expertise (MacKenzie, 349). Nonetheless, their trading strategies were nonmarket directional, whereby they did not depend on the overall market interest rates or fluctuations of stock prices, since they had no convergence trades. Main reasons for LTCM collapse The success of the LTCM in the financial markets occurred within a short period, and this w as attributed to informational asymmetries by the fund managers, hence resulting to a downfall before the establishment of the East Asian financial crisis, in 1997. The downfall began with a reduction noted on the net returns in 1998 for the period between May that had 65% and June, 10.4%, resulting to a reduction of their capital by $461 million, in fact, when the Salomon Brothers withdrew from the arbitrage business in July 1998, the downfall was escalated. The losses were accentuated by crisis experienced in Russia during the month of August and September in 1998, when the bonds were defaulted in Russia by their government, leading to investors’ decision to sell European and Japanese bonds in order to purchase the treasury bonds in U.S.A due to their worries. Profits anticipated as the value of the bonds purchased in U.S.A resulted to losses due to convergence of bonds while their value diverged; consequently, the LTCM had incurred losses worth 1.85 billion dollars by the end of August. LTCM could no longer provide investors with annual returns of 40%; instead they were they went through a Flight–to-Liquidity, and in the beginning of September, their equity reduced from 2.3 billion dollars to 600 million dollars with no dwindling portfolio, and this resulted to a further increase in

Management in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management in context - Essay Example 1).† I have noted that the explanation presented by the author for the unique theory makes it all common sense in management practice. I find the author’s labels on the third theory as a proactive one suitable, because it brings up a new way of establishing the link. I concur with the author that in management practice, accumulated academic knowledge can be used as an engagement tool rather than applied as a theory. Case studies are used to expose how a proactive theory can work when managers engage academic knowledge within their management practice activities to improve their performance (Ghoshal, 2005; pg. 1). The case studies shows how scholarship applied together with academic theory in the management practice of inquiry is relational and provides opportunities for evidence based management. The implication of my observations is in relation to the fact that using a proactive approach in management practice creates a link between academic theory and relational skills of managers. Surprises in JA 2 The author has taken an in – depth analysis of how the application of management theories affects organizations business culture. I can observe that according to the author, business schools have enhanced the development of such management theories. ... am surprised with the author’s comments that academic research, which studies the conduct of organizations and management, has generated serious negative effects on the practice of management. I am also surprised that the author seems to be suggesting that graduates from business schools lack common sense of moral responsibility. The author has used the pretense of knowledge and the application of system – based gloomy vision to explain his assertions (Ramsey, 2011; pg. 82). The observations I have made in this article has serious implications in relation to the belief that business schools ought to teach excellent management theories and should not be blamed for negative aspects of business culture. The Evidence The author has used Mike’s learning and Kieran is learning to show the application of academic theory within management practices. The two articles show three elements of academic theory when engaged in management practice (Ramsey, 2011; pg. 12). The ele ments revealed in the learning’s include â€Å"an engagement with ideas, a practice of inquiry, and an emphasis on moment-by-moment relating within practice (Ramsey, 2011; pg. 23)†. The writer has used suggestions from other authors to show that the most significant aspect of this link pertains to the place of the evidence that is applied in the academic theory. The writer quotes other authors to strengthen his arguments for the application of evidence-based management. This management approach places decision-making initiatives on evidence that can be gathered and assessed. The author argues that action analysis tool known as Provocative Theory Cycle of Inquiry is critical to the engagement approach in the practice of management. The author has presented information that the pretense of knowledge

Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) Analysis

Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) Analysis My individual research work undertaken is based on the business strategy concept known as Blue Ocean. The concept of the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) originated in 2005 when two authors named as W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne of the BOS Institute wrote a book named as Blue Ocean. Commonly, people believe that the finest organizational strategy is the one which escalate profits for the organization. According to the book written by these authors, firms should seek to build demand for their products or services in a market where there is no competition rather than competing nose to nose with existing producers in the industry. Vice versa, in existing industries firms often compete with each other and seek to surpass their competitors and snatch their market share which makes it very tough for every firm to survive. Such an industry is known as Red Ocean where all the firms strive to capture the same market share from each other and as new suppliers enter into the market, profits are redu ced, chances for growth are depreciated which often create threats for new entrants and/or disable some businesses to retain their share in the market. For this reason, such a strategy would not fit best for every firm in the modern business environment. A Blue Ocean strategy identifies such industries that do not exist or are unknown. The application of such a strategy requires that demand must be created for the product or service rather than competing against the rivals. The supporters of the Blue Ocean strategy argue that firms can rapidly boost their profits and grow expeditiously if the firm is able to provide products and services that are innovative to both the buyer and the business. This is because innovative products and services are more likely to be valued by the customers and eliminate such products or services which are of unsubstantial value to the existing or the future market. (B) Key Areas of Research and sources: To navigate the blue ocean is it required to think outside the box. There must be an idea or approach which must not necessarily a better way to do something which is already being done and where there must be a competitive edge in a limited market space. The difference between the red and blue ocean is that in the red ocean there would be a competition in the current market space of your contraption whereas in the blue ocean an incontestable market space is established which attracts new demand. Therefore, there must be a clear idea whether we are in a red or blue ocean before the start of research. A field research strategy is used where the fundamental aim of this research is the identification of the potential group which is not your customer in strategic buyers group both inside and outside the industry or substitute markets. This research also helps providing us the contour of existing buyer and non customers. A team is developed comprising research experts and analysts, professionals in qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The team is a master in all the important areas market intelligence, competitive intelligence, analysis of the vendor, research and analytics, analysis of various trends in the market, forecasting and business analysis. The resource for this research includes experienced analysts from globally recognized market intelligence organizations, business economists and financial experts with comprehensive sector experiences. Qualitative research method is used for the collection of data in the field at the initial phase of research. The contraption for this research includes surveys, questionnaires, guides for interviews and virtual or on the spot discussion forums. This approach promotes open ended discussions in a composed ambiance to advocate true and direct dialogue. This method is mostly used because the data and intelligence which are required to recognize new buyers and market opportunities are not obtainable easily A secondary, quantitative research is acknowledged in the research plan when wide range of representative data is needed to know about new market circumstances. This methodology includes sample management, survey instrument design and management of data, tabulation and analysis by both the traditional methods for the collection of data. (c) Discussion of Strategic Models Identified:- During my research, I have come across plenty of strategic models which enable the implementation of the blue ocean strategy. Some of them are discussed below. The Four Actions Framework:- This framework looks at different aspects of the industry by asking four different questions. These questions help to straighten the focus of the business and realign its overall strategy to create value. These questions involve asking: What are the factors that need to be created which have not yet been created by the industry? What are the factors that should be promoted over the industrys standards? What are the factors that need to be scale down the industrys standards? What are the factors taken for granted by the industry and should be exterminated? The first question assists the managers of the firm to explore new ways of adding value to their products or service for the buyers. The second question encourages the management of the firm to divulge and eradicate the compromises made by the buyer. The first two questions seek to provide the firm with a differentiation edge. The third question points out the factors that need to be reduced which may have been redesigned in order to compete with the rivals. The fourth question identifies those factors which may have had value in the past but are of minute value to the buyers today. The last two questions seek to assist the firm in becoming a cost leader in the industry. Buyer Experience Cycle:- While making a purchase, a buyer goes through six different stages, from the initial purchase to the final disposal of the product. In deciding which product to purchase, a buyer thinks from unalike aspects in order to buy the product that best satisfies the needs of the buyer. These stages are called utility levers. Stage 1: Purchase: At the initial stage, the buyer has a set of questions in his mind based on which he decides which product he has to buy and how much time it would take for him to find the desired product. For this reason, it can be seen that shopping malls today are successful because they have different products under one single roof and at the same time seek to satisfy diverse needs of a variety of customers. Theoretically, it is quite simple but marketing managers should give sufficient consideration to this factor and make the product finding experience easier and much simpler for the buyer. Also, customers tend to buy their products from places that are attractive or give them the option to choose their desired products from the most fascinating products. On the other side, accessibility is a vital issue. If a store offers the best products in town but is not in reach of the buyers, they are most likely to switch to an alternative store to make their purchases. Moreover, from the perspective o f a buyer, a secure transaction environment has a positive psychological affect on the buyer and encourages him to make his purchases. Lastly, customers always prefer to buy from such stores which they are familiar with because they know they would be provided with a commendable customer service. Stage 2: Delivery: The next stage is concerned with delivering the product to the buyer. Buyers usually ask that how much time it would take for the product to be delivered to them. This is where businesses can outdid their competitors in the market and exclusively in the services sector where on time delivery is the critical success factor for many businesses. Stage 3: Use: Are the functions and features of the product effective? Do they satisfy the desired needs of the customers? Does the buyer require any guidance or teaching in order to use the product? Is the product easy to use and operate (e.g. in case of electronics)? Stage 4: Supplements: Some products require the support of other products in order to operate effectively and meet the demand of customers. Customers always think that how much the supplement product would cost them? In this case, customers who are price sensitive might decide to switch to some other product which does not require the support of other products to operate and meet the needs of customer. On the other hand, customers who are not much price sensitive would consider whether the supplement product is available and accessible. However, this is one of the salient factors which the marketing managers should consider before deciding to introduce a fresh product to the consumers. Stage 5: Maintenance The next factor that buyers usually consider is how easy it would be to maintain the product and how much it would cost them. In the modern business environment, customers wish to purchase such products which can be maintained in less time and reduced cost. This is one of the most imperative factors which marketing managers should consider if they wish to retain their customers and also attract new customers from the market. Also, if a product requires external maintenance, customers think of factors such as cost of external maintenance and accessibility of maintenance store. Stage 6: Disposal Lastly, customers also think whether it would be easy to dispose the product or not. In this regard, managers should consider the legal and environmental issues before promoting their product into the market. Sustainable development of a product is a key aspect in the modern business environment and the firm which is able to develop, promotes and dispose their products without causing minimal harm to the environment would surely have a differentiation edge over their rivals in the market. Four Hurdles Execution:- After the management has established a blue ocean strategy, the next step in the process is to effectively implement such a strategy. Successful implementation of a strategy at any phase plays a vital role because ineffective implementation of a strategy can lead to wastage of precious resources and time. While implementing a blue ocean strategy, an organization is faced with the following four types of hurdles. If the organization wishes to succeed, it must take appropriate measures to overcome these hurdles to find a blue ocean. The Cognitive Hurdle: Normally, companies operate in red oceans which may not to lead to sustainable growth and profits in the future. Although, companies have grown and met their milestones while operating in the red ocean, managers must think beyond this if they wish to survive in the modern business environment where new competitors arise everyday in the industry making the competition more rugged. The organization as a whole must be mentally prepared for such a strategy before implementing it so that precious resources are not wasted. The Resource Hurdle: Normally, organizations believe that when it changes its business strategy, additional resources would be required to implement the new strategy. At this point, this is the greatest hurdle which organizations come across during the implementation of the new strategy. But such a hurdle can be easily surmount if the firm has a competent and experienced human resource department. The Motivational Hurdle: A radical shift in the strategy of the business might demotivate the employees in an organization. If the management is competent and capable, they would also overcome this hurdle by creating a sense of ownership in the employees and also enriching their jobs. The Political Hurdle: Some organizations are very much influenced by the political environment. This is the last hurdle faced by an organization when implementing the blue ocean strategy. Governments have the right to completely abandon a product if they think the product can cause harm to the public at large e.g. drugs. A detailed analysis of the political environment would surely put the managers in a better place which would ultimately help them to overcome this hurdle. (d) Key conclusions and findings:- Based on studies, the authors of the blue ocean strategy have suggested that companies in the future would not be able to flourish by just competing with their rivals to retain their market share. The authors believe that in the modern business environment, innovation is the key to success and if an organization succeeds in creating a culture of innovation, it can easily survive in the long term without competing with any rivals in the market. Since the past many years, companies have fought with each other in order to secure their profit and market share. As a consequence, such rivalry between the firms has resulted in bloody red oceans where everyone tries to grab others share of the market and steal their customers. This ultimately means that if an organization wishes to survive in the modern business environment, it should therefore try to adopt a blue ocean strategy. This is because adopting such a strategy would place the company in a much better position with no competitors in the market and might put the business in a monopoly position which would ultimately make the business the leader of the market. A Blue Ocean strategy focuses on six principles which if followed adequately can create a blue ocean for the business where competition is irrelevant. These principles include: Identification of diverse pathways through which a market can be created where the business has no rivals to compete with. Encourage the managers to create value innovation rather than just focusing on increasing the profits or turnover of the business. Plan to attain beyond current demand and create new demand by targeting non-customers. Follow the right strategic sequence to create a blue ocean. Prevail over the four hurdles of execution. Execute the blue ocean strategy by motivating people to do so. The management must be capable to deal with behavioral issues in order to implement this final principle. However, there are some risks associated with the blue ocean strategy which the organization should seek to minimize to successfully implement the blue ocean strategy. These are: The blue ocean strategy encourages the managers of the business to develop new strategies and new products to create uncontested market space. The idea seems fair but this could also encourage the managers to ignore competition and they may lose grip over their core competencies. A competent management assumes that they have no rivals in place and seek to continuously improve their performance. Such a strategy could also encourage the management to overlook their rivals in the market and as a result they might lose their attained market share. Although every business seeks to create a blue ocean by trying to develop strategies and product which differ largely from the products offered by their competitors. This means that a business may think that they have created a blue ocean whereas actually it has not been successful in doing so. A blue ocean strategy encourages the businesses to look for industries that are far beyond their own core competencies. When the business is enthused to think different under a blue ocean strategy, there is a risk that the business might overlook their strengths and history and forced to diversify in such industries where the risk of failure is high because of no experience in that industry. All in all, a blue ocean strategy is more likely to lead a company to flourish in the future but it is vital that the pros and cons are considered evenly before implementing such a strategy. (e) Summary on the success or failure:- Overall, working on such a project has aggrandized our team working skills because everyone took the responsibility on themselves which created a sense of ownership in every team member and ultimately the team as a whole was able to conclude the work effectively. For this reason, all of the questions which were asked of us were abundantly answered including the group presentation. Working on such an assignment has been very informative for us and we all are now aware of the different types of business strategies in the modern business environment. This could prove useful for us when we start our practical career. From the group standpoint, we are now aware of the different types of business strategies and how successful implementation of a blue ocean strategy can be of benefit to a business. We have also learned that how such strategies can be implemented and what are the pre-requisites for implementing the different types of business strategies. Moreover, we have also learned what type of strategy would suit a particular business and we agree on the fact that the blue ocean strategy is not fit for all types of business. The selection of a strategy varies from business to business depending on their environment and other significant factors which the management should bear in mind when choosing a strategy. Individually, I have understood that in the modern business environment, adopting and implementing a business strategy is vital for the success of a business. It doesnt matter whether the business decides to adopt a blue ocean strategy or not, what matters is the commitment of the management and their capabilities and experience which would result in the long term survival of the business. (f) Individual contribution and impact on group presentation:- Before proceeding with the assignment, all of the team members were assigned particular areas of their interest to work on. I was assigned to identify the different types of strategic models which could help the business in achieving their aims and objectives in the long run. This doesnt mean that all of the team members were working in isolation, instead all of the team members were helping and supporting in each others work. This created a team spirit and all of the team members felt a sense of ownership as everyone felt that it is their responsibility to complete the assignment. Lastly, my presentations focal point is the adequate preparation of slides and plenteous research from diverse resources. Detailed work was done with the team to cover up all areas of the assignment evenly.

Frank Lloyd Wright :: essays research papers

Frank Lloyd Wright   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Lloyd Wright, in my mind, is the greatest architect I’ve ever seen. He had a big fetish with building his houses encompassed with nature and that really interested me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Lloyd Wright is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in modern Western architecture. His radically innovative designs, utilizing a building based on nature. Said by Wright as organic architecture. He was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin, June 8, 1867 and died on April 9, 1959. It was a standard of his passion and commitment to his field of work that he continued working right up to the time of his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After studying civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin, he moved to Chicago in 1887, where he went to work as an apprentice for Louis Sullivan. He began there to design and independently build private houses for some of Sullivan’s clients. This was known as “moonlighting';. These houses soon revealed an independent talent that was distinct from that of Sullivan. Wright’s houses had low, sweeping rooflines hanging over uninterrupted walls of windows. His plans were centered on massive brick or stone fireplaces at the heart of the house. His rooms became wide open to one another and the overall configuration of his plans became more and more alike, reaching out toward some real or imagined expansive horizon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In contrast to the openness of those houses and as if in conflict with their immediate city environment, Wright’s urban buildings tend to be walled in with light entering primarily from above, through skylights. These features contrasted with those of his mentor’s, Sullivan, work. Wright’s distaste for urban environments and his embrace of the natural environment are observed in the contrasting features of some of his finest buildings in the early 1900s: the Unity Church in Oak Park, Illinois; compared with Buffalo’s Martin House and Chicago’s Robie House. The houses are characterized by large, glazed walls, terraces, and low-slung roof overhangs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well, in 1893, the issue of Wright’s moonlighting escapades finally arose and Sullivan was forced to fire Wright. Sullivan felt very betrayed by this. Wright was forced to work on his own which pleased him either way. This gave him more freedom. During the next 20 years, he became one of the best known architects in the United States. Wright’s fame in Europe was promoted due to the publication in 1910 and 1911 by Berlin’s Wasmuth of two editions of Wright’s work as well as an exhibition that traveled throughout Europe.

PCI DSS stands for Payment Card Industry Essay

The senior management has been advised by the legal department that the organization will need to become PCI DSS compliant before using online applications that accept credit cards and customer personal information. The management isn’t familiar with PCI DSS compliance; therefore, the management asked you to prepare a recommendation explaining PCI DSS compliance, how the organization can move through the compliance process, and the consequences of noncompliance. PCI DSS stands for Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. PCI DSS originally began as five different programs: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover and JCB data security programs. Each company creates an additional level of protection for card issuers by ensuring that merchants meet minimum levels of security when they store, process and transmit cardholder data. PCI DSS specifies 12 requirements for compliance, organized into six logically related groups called control objectives. Each version of PCI DSS has divided these 12 requirements into a number of sub-requirements differently, but the 12 high level requirements have not changed since the inception standard. The control objectives are Build and maintain a secure network, protect cardholder data, maintain a vulnerability management program, implement strong access control measures, regularly monitor and test networks and maintain an information security policy. The requirements for compliance are, install and maintain a firewall configuration to protect card holder data, do not use vendor-supplied defaults for system passwords and other security parameters, protect stored cardholder data, encrypt transmission of cardholder data across open public networks, use and regularly update anti-virus software on all systems commonly affected by malware, develop and maintain secure systems and applications, restrict access to cardholder data by business need-to-know, assign a unique ID to each person with computer access, restrict physical access to card holder data, track and monitor all access to network resources and cardholder data, regularly test security systems and processes and maintain a p olicy that addresses information security. According to Visa, no compromised entity has yet been found to be in compliance with PCI DSS at the time of a breach. Assessments examine the compliance of merchants and services providers with the PCI DSS at a specific point in  time and frequently utilize a sampling methodology to allow compliance to be demonstrated through representative systems and processes. It is the responsibility of the merchant and service provider to achieve, demonstrate, and maintain their compliance at all times both throughout the annual validation/assessment cycle and across all system and processes in their entirely.

Film Review Baraka by Ron Fricke (1992)

Film Review Baraka by Ron Fricke (1992) Baraka directed by Ron Fricke (1992)The title is a Sufi word that means 'blessing' and this is very appropriate as there are many images of people from all walks of life who pray and reveal their spirituality in one form or another. The images of nature at the film's beginning of snow-capped mountains and wheeling birds are backed by spiritual music which includes a flute. The snow monkey soaking itself in a hot spring appears to be meditating, then tribes of natives in prayer somewhere in Asia, Aborigines in Australia, and the Israelis at the Wailing Wall,. and so on. Many of these images are shown later, revealing a change in perspective, for example the Israeli soldier with gun in hand, wearing prayer shawl, praying at the Wall, thus creating meaning for the audience, that life is a paradox. Another way of presenting a change in perspective is through the use of juxataposition.English: Wailing Wall from the TankizyyaWe see skyscraper buildings of New York and an aerial view of the traffic and pedestrians. The camera is sped up and the people racing in all directions suggests that we're going nowhere fast, symbolising a rat race; this is reinforced by the next frame of people who are filling the pews in a church, and once again the camera is sped up to show the church emptying fastthus suggesting that people haven't the time for religion or spirituality. A change in perspective through the various ways of living, all over the globe is interspersed with magnificent views of naturesome being peaceful, such as the moon, stars, sun, waterfall and others, dangerous, such as icy mountain tops and volcanic craters. Shots of homeless families on city streets and unsmiling people posing for the camera create a mournful tone. Factory workers are also shown, for example...

Pressure System Essays

Pressure System Essays Pressure System Essay Pressure System Essay A Pressure system with two resistances Consider a pressure system with tank of volume V and varying pressure P at constant temperature. Fl is inlet flow through resistance RI with source pressure Pl. F2 is output flow through resistance R2 and flowing out at pressure P2. As the flows into and out of the tank are both influenced by the tank pressure, both flow resistances affect the time constant. A typical control problem would be to manipulate one flow rate (either in or out) to maintain a desired drum pressure. Variables: Controlled variable: P Manipulated variable: F2 Disturbance variable: Fl Here we develop a model that describes how the tank pressure varies with the inlet and outlet flow rates. Making a mass balance, Accumulation in the tank = Input flow rate (Fl) Output flow rate (F2) Flows (Ohms law is I = Driving Force Resistance dp dt RIR2 V (Rl+R2) RI +R2 RI R2 ( RI +R2) + ( Rl+R2) rp dP+p = KI Pl+K2P2 Where Kl= (Eq. l) VRI R2 Taking Laplace transform of equation (Eq. l) ps P(S) + P(S) = KI PI'(S) + K2P2(S) P(S) (1+ IPS) = KI PI'(S) + K2 P2(S) 1+1 s + KI P2(S) (Eq. 2) Equation 2 can be represented in a block diagram as below: rps+l rp S+l A Block Diagram of a pressure system with two resistances Assume: RI = 2 rntn,t-n3; R2 v=5rn3 2+4 20 3 6. 6676mtn l. Processing Without Control Where K ? 4 = 0. 667; Assuming step change from 2 m3/min to 3 m3/min in the disturbance variable: S(3S+1) Disturbance response without Control 0. 8 0. 4 0. 2 10 50 time (min) II. Proportional Integral Control for the Disturbance Changes Process: Process Transfer function: Gp(s) = Disturbance Transfer function: Gd(s) = I-I(S) Pressure Sensor-Transmitter (Analyzer): Gm(s) = Km m s+l but negligible dynamics > > > Gm(s) = Km Pm(s) = Gm(s)Pa(s) Block diagram for the pressure sensor-tramsmitter pa(S) m S+l Pm(s) Controller (PI controller): GC(S) = ) pa(S) = Control Valve: GV(S) = KV Pt'(S) o. S+l ; but negligible dynamics r > > > Comparator: E(s) = P sp (s) P m (s) P sp (s) = K m P sp (s) Block diagram for the entire process: Rd(S Psp(s) P sp (s) KC(I + ) pa(S) KIP PLI(S) Where: Y=controlled variable U=manipulated variable D=disturbance variable (also referred to as load variable) P=controller output E=error signal Ym=measured value of Y Ysp=set point sp=internal set point (used by the controller) Yu=change in Y due to U Yd=change in Y due to D Gc=controller transfer function GFtransfer function for final control element (including K , if required) IP Gp=process transfer function Gd=disturbance transfer function

Critically review the evidence of multi stakeholder governance of the Literature

Critically the evidence of multi stakeholder governance of the sustainability. issue of population and the issue of mega - Literature review Example The largest cities of the world are found to be growing at the fastest pace. However, it has been observed that large cities are not concentrated in the developed nations but mostly in the developing countries of the world. The process of urbanization has resulted in a number of issues associated with most of the mega cities which have been discussed in this study. The issues discussed are mostly related to the various sustainable problems and governance issues faced by the megalopolises of the world. Sustainability and Mega Cities Sustainability development refers to the fulfilment of needs and requirements at present without compromising on the future generations’ ability to satisfy their needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Sustainability is a concept of achieving simultaneously the objectives of an improved environment, a good economy and a society which is more participative in nature. Although the primary context of sustainability is global in n ature, it becomes more meaningful when it is given a global significance through local initiatives and practices. As regards the cities, metabolism can be used as a metaphor to sustainability. A city is adjudged to be more sustainable if it has the ability to reduce its resource inputs in the form of materials, land, water, energy, etc. and waste outputs in the form of air, solid wastes and liquid and at the same time has the capacity to bring about improvement in its liveability in the form of employment, health, housing, income, community, public spaces, etc. (Newman, and Kenworthy, 2003, pp. 235-242). The research study by Williams and Haughton (1994) suggested the various roles played by cities towards the process of sustainability and examined the different issues associated with environmental degradation taking place in the urban areas. In today’s world people living in cities surpass the total number of people living in rural areas. There has been a significant rise in the urban population of the world. It has been estimated that the urban dwellers would increase up to around five billion by the end of the year 2030. The most interesting trend related to this rise in urban population is that it is mostly concentrated in the cities of the developing nations of the world. The primary reason behind the growth of urban population is that the urban fertility rate has increased at a greater rate than the urban mortality rate, especially in cases of the mega cities of the world (Renner, 1998). The future prospects of world community are dependent upon the urban sustainability (McGranahan et al., 2001). New risk dimensions along with physical, social and economic dynamics are created through the increasing mobilisation of people, capital, goods and information. This results in the importance of cities for the creating sustainable development. Mega cities are not confined to the aspect of concentration of people only. Resources that are available all over the world are absorbed by the mega cities; this leads to the generation of huge amounts of sewage and waste. It thus uses environment as a sink to dump all its waste. The increasing per capita income of people living in the cities has resulted in the increase of resources consumed and the residues produced as a result of such activities. The data related to evaluation of the resource demands which has been

Human Growth Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Growth Development - Essay Example During the time when the sexual misconduct allegations sprouted, particularly the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Bill Clinton still managed to have a smoothly functioning society – but not necessarily a good one (Stage Five: Social Contract and Individual Rights). Although he admitted having extramarital relations with Monica Lewinsky and Gennifer Flowers, he was able to get an acquittal from the US Senate and served his complete office term. Towards the end of his last term of Presidency, Bill Clinton even managed to achieve the highest end-of-office approval rating of any US President since World War II. In this regard, the people of the United States view Clinton’s personal setback as less relevant as compared to his achievements as a working President. As emphasized by Kohlberg, â€Å"when conflict arises between individual needs and law or contract, though sympathetic to the former, the individual believes the latter must prevail because of its greater functional ration ality for society, the majority and welfare.†

Big data Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Big data - Term Paper Example There is a huge amount of data available on the Internet. This report presents an analysis of big data. The basic purpose of this research is to present an overview of big data and how it can be used by the organizations for the betterment of their organizational tasks. This report will start with an introduction of big data. After that a general discussion will provided on big data and its associated aspects. In the start this report discusses the general concepts associated with big data however after that a detailed discussion will be provided on the impact of big data on a specific organization. In this scenario, this report will present a detail discussion on the impact of big data on healthcare sector. ... In view of the fact this era is known as the age of information and communication technology in which everything appears in digital format, and as a result everything comes under the domain of data. For instance in the medical sector, an electrocardiogram is now used in digital format which can be collected and stored as a dataset and information (attained after the processing of these data). In the same way, MRIs, CT scans and a variety of medical images are at the present digital, and these unique digital records and files are being stored and processed in the form of datasets. Hence, thousands and thousands of distinct datasets are adding up to the big data (Ackerman). Opportunities offered by the Big Data At the present, with the big data the majority of business organizations and retailers make use of data more efficiently to make planned decisions that commence with the customer and help to develop a more thorough design process. In addition, â€Å"this analytics-driven design can intensify major touch points all the way through the customer experience at the same time as improving sales beneficially† (Trank p.2). The research has shown that the organizations that use big data for their business can be familiar with their customers and the way they communicate with the business and shop online much better than many of those customers can be familiar with themselves. In fact, these datasets are not only the huge volumes of data but also they provide the organizations with excellent ways to determine and keep records of their transactions as well as other communications with suppliers, retailers, banks, utilities and service providers. In addition, at the present there have emerged a number of algorithms which can be applied on

Jesus or Caesarion Essay Example for Free

Jesus or Caesarion Essay Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar (June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC), better known by the nicknames Caesarion and Ptolemy Caesar, was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, he was nominally the sole pharaoh. Caesarion was proclaimed a god, son of god and King of Kings. Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatras son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, with much treasure, into India, by way of Ethiopia. However, Caesarions guardians, including his tutor, either were themselves lured by false promises of mercy into returning the boy to Alexandria or perhaps even betrayed him; on the ground that Octavian invited him to take the kingdom of Egypt. The final conflict between Mark Antony (Marcus Antonius) and Octavian (future Emperor Augustus), Antony shared control of the Republic in a triumvirate with Octavian and Lepidus, but Lepidus was forced into retirement by Octavian in 36 BC, leaving Antony and Octavian as rivals. Two years later, in 34 BC, Antony granted various eastern lands and titles to Caesarion and to his own three children with Cleopatra. After losing the Battle of Actium to Octavians forces, Antony committed suicide. Cleopatra followed suit, according to tradition killing herself by means of a snake bite on August 12, 30 BC. She was briefly outlived by Caesarion, who was declared pharaoh by his supporters, but he was soon killed on Octavians orders, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus. Had Caesarion executed in Alexandria, following the advice of Arius Didymus, he advised Augustus to execute Caesarion, with the words ouk agathon polukaisarie (its not good to have too many Caesars) Augustus (Octavian) (September 23, 63 BC – August 19, 14 AD) is the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Augustus died in 14 AD at the age of 75. He may have died from natural causes, though there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as Emperor by his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law) Tiberius. Alexander Helios (25 December 40 BC possibly between 29 BC 25 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the eldest son of Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. Cleopatra Selene II (25 December 40 BC-anywhere from 9 March 5 BC to 6), also known as Cleopatra VIII of Egypt or Cleopatra VIII was a Ptolemaic Princess and was the only daughter to Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. Ptolemy Philadelphus ( August/September 36 BC – 29 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the youngest and fourth child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and her third with Roman Triumvir Mark Antony. Octavian took him and elder siblings Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II from Egypt to Italy. Octavian celebrated his military triumph in Rome, by parading the three orphans in heavy golden chains in the streets of Rome. The chains were so heavy they could not walk, prompting reactions of sympathy from the Romans. The three siblings were taken by Octavian and given to Octavia Minor, Octavian’s second elder sister and the siblings father Mark Antonys former wife. Tiberius (16 November 42 BC – 16 March 37 AD), was Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Pontius Pilatus, known in the English-speaking world as Pontius Pilate, was the fifth Prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36. He is best known as the judge at Jesus trial and the man who authorized the crucifixion of Jesus. As prefect, he served under Emperor Tiberius.

Sharks - Rulers of the Ocean :: Personal Narratives

Have you ever seen Jaws? Do you remember that blood-curdling scream as one of the girls was being attacked by the great white? That is how I felt as the sharks started to circle us. You could see the fear in our eyes. You could feel the ocean shudder as we all shook from excitement and trepidation. This is how most people feel about sharks. That is why researchers are trying their hardest to dispel all of the rumors about sharks. The only problem the researchers have is the local governments. They setup regulations banning people from coming in contact with any endangered animal. Sharks are not quite on the endangered list, but they are threatened by man. Until we find out everything we want to know about these animals we will be ignorant to their unique place in the balance of life. I wanted to know more about sharks, so I took the first step; I went to the ocean. This part of our trip to Fiji was the main attraction. All of the other dives led up to this one. We were sitting at the bottom of a reef head, which was about 100 feet below the surface. As we descended, all we could see was this huge tornado of fish and sharks. One kind of fish, the jack, was huge. They were about a foot and a half tall, about six inches wide and about two feet long. There were also about 8 potato groupers. The potato grouper is about a foot long to about three feet long, sometimes weighing in at over 100 pounds. There were hundreds of fish. When we were settled on our perch, the show really began. They came in from the deep blue abyss. Slicing their way through the ocean currents, they judged us with their grayish eyes as they passed. They were testing us, as they got closer every time. The sharks would come in and out of our field of view, passing inches over our heads, as they glided through our bubbles. We could see their scales they were so close to us. Every time they passed, I could feel them brush me with the water. Their tails were so strong that I was pushed over by the water that they moved. Their colors were as different as a person’s skin tones, from gray to blue for their upper bodies, but for their lower bodies it was an off white; almost gray.

“A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings” by Gabriel García Márquez Essay

When Pelayo was coming back to his house, he found an old man face down in the mud, with a pair of enormous wings. The neighbor told them he was an angel, and must have been knocked down by the rain. In the short story, â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings†, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez reveals some of his ideas of human nature. He shows how pessimistic humanity can be, through an experience with a fallen angel. One portrayal found in the story was the idea of human greed and selfishness. Most people are interested in what is best for them, or how they can take advantage of something for their own good. In the story, the Pelayo and Elisenda, husband and wife, had an angel fall into their yard. At first they were going to put the angel on a raft and free him from their chicken coop prison. Instead, they decided to charge admission to see the fallen angel that they held captive in their courtyard (6). They knew that people would come from everywhere to see this spectacle, and took advantage of the situation. By keeping this angel locked up in the chicken coop, they were profiting off of his misery. The people that came complained of their many problems, and were looking for the angel to help them. They were all concerned with themselves, and their own problems, rather than the angel’s well being. This selfishness is just part of human nature. The human race will always look for the best options to benefit themselves. Humans seem to have a very short attention span. The smallest things can be amusing, and keep our attention, but generally only for a short time. The human race is always looking for the new best thing, whether it is the hippest fashions, the newest, fastest cars, or the top-of-the-line computers. In â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings†, the people were amazed by the fact that a â€Å"flesh-and-blood angel† had fallen, and were coming from all over to see him. It was only after a period of a few weeks or so that a traveling circus came to town. In this circus, there was a woman who was supposedly turned into a spider for disobeying her parents. The crowd lost interest in the angel and swarmed to see the spider lady (10). The people were interested in this angel for only a short period of time because something more interesting came to town. The whole idea that there was a fallen angel on earth became old news. Humanity is, by nature, cruel. Again, going back to the angel and his imprisonment, it seemed as though people were upset or disappointed that the angel would not answer their questions. The whole imprisonment was cruel to begin with. At first, they even tried to feed the angel mothballs. Then, when everyone was dissatisfied with the angel merely lying around in the chicken coop, they decided to get him to move by burning his side with an iron, used for branding steers (9). For weeks they tormented this poor, hopeless angel. Mà ¡rquez, through his fiction, has shown some of his feelings on the philosophy of human nature. He feels that as a whole, is not very positive, and can be quite selfish. We tend to have a short attention span with many things, and we can also be very cruel. Human nature, as portrayed in â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings†, is not as perfect and wonderful as many would like to believe.

Comparison and contrast of the general facilities and operations at DFW and Dubai Cargo Village

Dallas has a facility with unique features like the automated people mover, under this system the supplier personnel maintain the system while the owner operator the system. Both the supplier and the owner shares the facilities, this system was designed and enforced by the APM program.While in Dubai Cargo they don’t have the automated people movers systems. In terms of their size Dubai center is the bigger as compared to DFW. Both centers are similar in terms of meeting the regulation and standard set out by the aviation authority. (Uher 2005)The `secret sauce` of the UPS Worldport operationThe hidden secret sauce of the worldport is the flex. This is because flex manages the configuration of the building. All the applications which rely on each other know the destination of the package. Flex executes the configuration two times within one particular day.One his done during the night shift (for the packages of the next day) and the other is done during the day shift. (It proce ss over three hundred thousands second day air packages) The package tracking data is fed into the UPS data center in Mahwah, NJ by the two systems (one for international and one for domestic).The information is later used by the customer to locate their luggages or goods via the UPS website. After a package has completed its journey through the one hundred and twenty two miles, the package is directed to a destination chute that is loaded into a container, after which it is then rolled into the aircraft.In the entire process packages are only handled twice by the human beings: this is during loading and when unloading. Before the containers are loaded to the aircraft, they are pushed into the automated scales where they are weighed and checked.As the last container is being loaded into the aircraft, the conveyor’s belts hum ceases momentarily and the worldport becomes almost silent for a short duration. After a few hours a new team of TSG technicians start to inspect the IT hardware as they prepare for the next shift.The system will be reconfigured and a new sort plan will be formulated by flex. This system can be used with other companies, if done it is likely to increase the efficiency of the services that the company is delivering. (Uher 2005)Advantages and Disadvantages of the Hub and spoke system to MASkargoThe disadvantages are: Any disruption at the hub like a security problem or bad weather can result into delays into the entire system. secondly the operation efficiency of the entire system is greatly affected by hub’s capacity, thirdly it is difficult to schedule a flight given that the airline has to take into consideration all the needs of the spokes, lastly different airlines are selecting different cities has hubs this makes it difficult for the airline to get a reliable partner. . (Singh B 2003)The advantages are: it centralizes the operation, this makes it cheaper for the company in terms of management; lastly all the packages can be separated at the hub. (Singh B 2003)The major milestone achieved by Emirates Sky Cargo in 2005-2006Emirates Sky cargo succeeded in achieving the following: they bought three Airbus A 310 301Ft in Germany. This was going to be the first airbus that the airline was going to have. By buying the airbus the company succeeded in increasing the number of customers that they were going to serve, the company has also built a new center which is the biggest in Middle East.Comparison of the Dulles `Building 5` to MASkargo, Qatar and Emirates centersThe cargo building 5 has a handling space that measures 250,000 square feet, it has windows mezzanine office space measuring 37,000 square feet, its aircraft apron space is 440,450 square feet, storage space of 440,450 square feet.This makes it bigger than the MASkargo center in Malaysia; however the building is smaller as compared to Emirates and the Qatar centers. The drainage system of the four centers are the same, this is because they have to adhere to the international standards.The importance of capacity planning to airport management in regards to aircraft or passengersCapacity planning is important because it helps the airport authority to handle the traffic at the airport. Whenever the airport authority knows the numbers of planes that the airport can handle they cannot not allow any excess plane to come into the airport, this will reduce the number of accidents that are likely to occur in the airport as a result of congestion.Reference:Singh B 2003 Cargo crunch Malaysian Business News paper June 16th 2003 issueUher M 2005 Schriftenreihe des Instituts fà ¼r Transportwirtschaft & Logistik PDF retrieved from www.wu-wien.ac

Middle Ages and Impact of Religion essays

Middle Ages and Impact of Religion essays There is no stronger association in history than between the Middle Ages and religion. It seems that there is no work of history written during or since that does not make this connection. The faiths of the middle ages were the source of great triumph and great strife. There is no point where religion does not play a part from politics and law to individuality. The historical impression is one of countless individuals living and dying for their faith. Within the context of the Middle Ages there are three main faiths that all impacted the lives people and the reality of institutions and governments, Christianity, Islam and Judaism. This work will briefly address the impact and importance of all three faiths within the context of the Middle Ages. The foundational effects of religion upon the Middle Ages did not simply begin at the mark of the era change, whatever date is used. The importance of faith travels backward for almost as long as the records of history. People have eternally been searching and seeking the answers to unanswerable questions about the origin of all things but most importantly Religion consists in the endeavor of men to cultivate and express those qualities which are inherent in the nature of Man the Eternal, and to have faith in himwithin us there is a current of tendencies which runs in many ways in a contrary direction, the life current of universal humanity. Religion has its function in reconciling the contradiction, by subordinating the brute nature to what we consider as the truth of Man. (Tagore 142) The structured answers to these questions became what we now call religion Religion and faith have always been strong in man and in the Middle Ages the differences between these faiths seems to have reached a pitch beyond most seen before. Most importantly it was at this time that faith...

Real Pirate Quotations

Real Pirate Quotations Note: These are real quotations from actual pirates during the Golden Age of piracy, which lasted roughly from 1700 to 1725. If youre looking for modern quotations about pirates or quotations from movies, youve come to the wrong place, but if youre looking for authentic historical quotations from historys greatest sea-dogs, read on! Anonymous Pirate (Context) When asked on the gallows if he repented. Yes, I do heartily repent. I repent I had not done more mischief; and that we did not cut the throats of them that took us, and I am extremely sorry that you arent hanged as well as we. (Johnson 43) Bartholomew Black Bart Roberts In an honest service there is thin commons, low wages, and hard labor; in this, plenty and satiety, pleasure and ease, liberty and power; and who would not balance creditor on this side, when all the hazard that is run for it, at worst, is only a sour look or two at choking. No, a merry life and a short one, shall be my motto. (Johnson, 244) (Translation: In honest work, the food is bad, the wages are low and the work is hard. In piracy, there is plenty of loot, its fun and easy and we are free and powerful. Who, when presented with this choice, would not choose piracy? The worst that can happen is you can be hanged. No, a merry life and a short one shall be my motto.) Henry Avery (Context) Informing Captain Gibson of the Duke (who was a notorious drunkard) that he was taking over the ship and going pirate. Come, dont be in a fright, but put on your clothes, and Ill let you into a secret. You must know that I am Captain of this ship now, and this is my cabin, therefore you must walk out. I am bound to Madagascar, with a design of making my own fortune, and that of all the brave fellows joined with me...if you have a mind to make one of us, we will receive you, and if youll turn sober, and mind your business, perhaps in time I may make you one of my Lieutenants, if not, heres a boat alongside and you shall be set ashore. (Johnson 51-52) Edward Blackbeard Teach (Context) Before his final battle Damnation seize my soul if I give you quarters, or take any from you. (Johnson 80) (Translation: Ill be damned if I accept your surrender or surrender to you.) Blackbeard Lets jump on board, and cut them to pieces. (Johnson 81) Howell Davis (Context) Dissolving his alliance with pirates Thomas Cocklyn and Olivier La Buse Hark ye, you Cocklyn and la Bouche, I find by strengthening you, I have put a rod into your hands to whip myself, but I am still able to deal with you both; but since we met in love, let us part in love, for I find that three of a trade can never agree. (Johnson 175) Bartholomew Roberts (Context) Explaining to his victims that he was under no obligation to treat them kindly or fairly. There is none of you but will hang me, I know, whenever you can clinch me within your power. (Johnson 214) Black Sam Bellamy (Context) To a Captain Beer, apologizing after his pirates had voted to sink Beers ship after looting it. Damn my blood, I am sorry they wont let you have your sloop again, for I scorn to do anyone a mischief, when it is not for my advantage. (Johnson 587) Anne Bonny (Context) To Calico Jack Rackham in prison after he had decided to surrender to pirate hunters instead of fight. I am sorry to see you here, but if you had fought like a man, you neednt be hanged like a dog. (Johnson, 165) Thomas Sutton (Context) A captured member of Roberts crew, when told by a fellow pirate that he hoped to make it into Heaven. Heaven, you fool? Did you ever year of any pirates going thither? Give me hell, its a merrier place: Ill give Roberts a salute of 13 guns at entrance. (Johnson 246) William Kidd (Context) Upon being sentenced to hang. My Lord, it is a very hard sentence. For my part, I am the innocentest person of them all, only I have been sworn against by perjured persons. (Johnson 451) About These Quotations All of these quotations are directly taken from Captain Charles Johnsons A General History of the Pyrates (page numbers in parentheses refer to the edition below), written between 1720 and 1728 and considered one of the most important primary sources on piracy. Please note that I have made minor cosmetic changes to the quotations such as updating to modern spelling and removing capitalization of proper nouns. For the record, it is unlikely that Captain Johnson actually heard any of these quotations directly, but he did have good sources and it is fair to assume that the pirates in question said, at some point, something reasonably like the quotations listed. Source Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.